@article{oai:kansai-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00023671,
 author = {王, 若翰 and Wang, Ruohan},
 journal = {文化交渉 : 東アジア文化研究科院生論集 : journal of the Graduate School of East Asian Cultures},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {China's Huaxia civilization has a long tradition of children and beginners' education. In the first part of this paper, I will examine the history of Chinese educational institutions. This education can be divided into various categories according to different classification methods such as the nature of educational organizations, organizational scope, student status, educational level, and teaching content. The article attempts to briefly elucidate the historical background of the ancient academic system and put the concepts of the name of each educational institution in historical context to understand the origin and relationship of each name. Classification can be divided into official and private schools. Depending on the dynasty, the terminology for schools included local schools such as xue (學), xiang (庠), xu (序), and shu (塾) ; and state or dynastic schools such as guoxue (國學 government schools), zhouxue (州學 provincial schools), xianxue (縣學 county schools), xiangxue (鄉學 local schools), cunxue (村學 village schools), and yixue (義學 free private schools). Students attended schools in accordance with their social class. The aristocracy and academically outstanding students enrolled in national imperial academies (guozixue 國子學), while students of ability from among the lower official class and commoners could attend simenxue (四門學 literally, school of the four gates). There were also different levels of education, such as mengxue (蒙學 primary schools that taught reading, writing, and etiquette), xiaoxue (小學 primary schools for noble families) and taixue (大學 national university). The content taught was also different ; most focused on martial arts, medicine, law, calligraphy, painting, arithmetic, etc. Although most subjects can be clearly categorized, there were others that were conceptionally in-between or interdisciplinary. Thus, they required differentiation in a progressive, systematic, and orderly manner. The second aspect covered in this paper is children and beginners' textbooks from various Chinese dynasties. The textbooks are an important resource for understanding the educational situation of children and beginners. The Song Dynasty was a watershed era in children and beginners' education that marked a leap in the development of the textbooks in both quantity and variety. Using the Song dynasty as a dividing point, I will explain the obvious differences in the style of children and beginners' education and textbooks between the pre-Song and post-Song dynasties. At the same time, I will examine in part universities and specialized education to outline the overall educational context of each era. In this way, I hope to provide some accuracy to the terminology of children and beginners' education in imperial China.},
 pages = {209--224},
 title = {中國傳統童蒙教育機構源流與童蒙文獻概述},
 volume = {12},
 year = {2022}
}