@article{oai:kansai-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00022370,
 author = {Gehan M. EL-Kempshawy and Hussein H. Marey Mahmoud and Medhat El-Mahalawy and Ashraf Youssef Ewais},
 journal = {Study of Egyptian Monuments},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {This study reports the first analytical study conducted on samples of bedrock, and plaster layers, and also painting techniques employed by the ancient craftsmen. Collected from Nefer-Seshem-Ptah and šḫntíw tomb, the unique construction at Saqqara necropolis in Egypt, the samples, which comprise the microscopic particularities, were assessed by digital optical microscope, while the petrographic analysis was performed by polarized light microscope. An X-ray diffractometer was used to analyze the bedrock and plaster layers samples. Further, the molecular and vibrational attributions of some fragments and pigment grains were recognized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer and Raman Micro Spectrometer (μ-Raman). As a result, the studied bedrock indicates that calcite and quartz are the main minerals, whereas halite is revealed in other samples. In addition, assemblages were identified as clay mineral including montmorillonite and kaolinite. Further, the thin-section observation revealed a clayey fossiliferous and micrite. The observation on the plaster layers formed of coarse gypsumincludes little amount of limestone powder, together with fine sand, while the second layer weas composed mainly of a clay plaster with straw plants. The cross-sectional observation on the plaster layers defined three layers, which are mainly made up of calcium carbonate (calcite), quartz and clay. Minerals were identified in varying proportions. Likely, Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy analysis of the samples disclosed that the craftsmen used animal glue as media to decorate the tomb, which means the “Tempera” Technique was used to decorate Nefer-Seshem-Ptah and šḫntíw tomb., šḫntíwのšとíは、チェコ語のšとíを代用している。},
 pages = {147--159},
 title = {Historical and Archaeological Study of Nefer-Seshem-Ptah and šḫntíw Tomb at Saqqara Necropolis},
 volume = {1},
 year = {2022}
}