@article{oai:kansai-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00021211,
 author = {Togiya, Norio},
 journal = {情報研究 : 関西大学総合情報学部紀要},
 month = {Jul},
 note = {This study explains the contents of the archived, old Japanese photographs taken during the pre-war period, preserved in libraries, museums, and in the United Kingdom and the United States. The study also compares and contrasts the two kinds of photographs: commercial photographs taken by professional photographers, which give foreigners a sense of exoticism, and photographs taken by amateur photographers that show various aspects of Japan during that time. Based on this comparison, the study reveals the multiple 'gazes' directed at Japan in the pre-war period, and in particular, the possibility that the latter group of photographs, which are expected to gain more recognition in the future, due to the progress of digitalization, will revise the fixed image of the Bakumatsu-Meiji period (1853-1868). The context in which these historical materials were established is also reviewed, and the possibility of exhibitions and archives of photographic materials in the digital age with a new "gaze" are examined., This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP17K00470},
 pages = {13--26},
 title = {Current Status of Japanese Old Photographic Materials in the United States and the United Kingdom, and the Archiving of the multiple "Gazes"},
 volume = {53},
 year = {2021}
}