@article{oai:kansai-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00019015,
 author = {河田, 惠昭 and Kawata, Yoshiaki},
 journal = {社会安全学研究 = Journal of societal safety sciences},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {In 2020 we have experienced two disasters such as COVID-19 and heavy rain disaster in Kumamoto prefecture. In the two disasters we found phase transition which amplified the human casualty as well as social and economic damage. In COVID-19, the process of infection of new coronavirus is network structure composed by node and edge. The node is called as cluster of infected persons group and the edge is social and private exchange with infected people. In our society after around 1980, web 2.0 made our society network structure as the second phase transition from vertical decision-making (hierarchy) structure. COVID-19 infection process was the first phase transition in our society. These double phase transition hit our society and made pandemic in all over the world. Based on historical experiences, we would like to show a simple measure against the spread of infectious diseases as follows: The occurrence of compound disasters is due to patient clusters. Do not connect these clusters together. A cluster corresponds to a node (organization having an independent function) with a structure in which infection spreads in a network. Therefore, the countermeasure is to isolate the node as much as possible. A series of cascading disasters refers to the occurrence of new damage one after another, such as secondary and tertiary disasters. The way to prevent this is to cut the edge of the network. Another phase transition could be found in the recent heavy rainfall disasters since around 1995. Due to global warming, the changes of rainfall have occurred by linear precipitation zone with highly concentrated and intensive rate. The phase transition made the economic damage huge in comparison with classic style of river flood disaster. The river flooding process clearly changed from river levee failure before flooding to huge overflow discharge from healthy levee to adjacent residential area. This was a phase transition in the river flood disaster. Through these disasters, we could do emergency management to reduce damage. Our disaster resilience can be done with culture-based countermeasures in different from civilization-based ones. This is a paradigm shift in the disaster management.},
 pages = {37--56},
 title = {相転移する社会災害への対処 : COVID–19と豪雨災害の場合},
 volume = {11},
 year = {2021}
}