{"created":"2023-05-15T12:25:59.745004+00:00","id":18677,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"1d44d97c-3341-404b-ade0-fa764f66d72e"},"_deposit":{"created_by":1,"id":"18677","owners":[1],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"18677"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:kansai-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00018677","sets":["528:1385:1386:2512"]},"author_link":["44243","44244"],"item_10_alternative_title_20":{"attribute_name":"その他のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"The Early Export of American Oil."}]},"item_10_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1986-11-04","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"1","bibliographicPageEnd":"152","bibliographicPageStart":"137","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"18","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"関西大学社会学部紀要"}]}]},"item_10_description_4":{"attribute_name":"概要","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"1859年8月，ペンシルベニア州のタイタスビルで，エドウィン・L・ドレークによって近代的な油井が開発された。石油の大量生産は，化学的な分析と実験を経て，照明用として，ヨーロッパをはじめ世界各地に向け輸出を促進した。1861年，最初の本格的なアメリカ石油輸出が行なわれ，帆船エリザベス・ワット号が大西洋を横断した。石油の輸出構成をみると，最初は原油が圧倒的であったが，1863年以降，精製油（灯火油）の輸出が優勢となった。また石油の量産はたちまち狭隘な国内市場の限界にぶち当り，南北戦争後の1866年には，輸出量が国内消費量を凌駕し，外国市場の優位性が確立された。石油輸出の促進要因としては，アメリカの通貨インフレーションと，精製油輸出に対する国内課税の免除が挙げられる。また、ヨーロッパ各地におけるアメリカ領事のセールス・プロモーションが，輸出市場拡大の上で，重要な役割を果したことも注目してよい。","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"In August of 1859, the first well drilled by Edwin L.Drake produced oil at Titusville in Pennsylvania. During 1860, at least 40 casks of crude oil were shipped from the Oil Region to Britain and the Continent for chemical analysis and trial distillation. It was in 1861 that the first shipload of petroleum crossed the Atlantic. In November of that year, the 224 ton sailing ship, Elizabeth watts, was chartered by Peter Wright & Sons of Philadelphia, for a shipment of some 3,000 barrels of crude to London. During 1861, American exports of crude and illuminating oil totaled some 37,000 barrels. All but a small fraction of the shipment went to European ports. By early 1863, the European market for both illuminating oil and crude was already firmly established. The relative proportions of crude and refined-oil exports depended on petroleum refining capacity in Europe. In 1863, crude exports were exceeded by refined oil exports. The increase of the latter stimulated the development of refining industry in the U.S.A. After the Civil War (1861-65), the distribution of refined output was dramatically changed and the exported became more than the domestic consumption. The decisive factor in building up this tendency was the combination of American currency inflation and the exemption of exports from the domestic tax on refined oils.","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_10_description_5":{"attribute_name":"内容記述","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"創立百周年記念特輯","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_10_full_name_3":{"attribute_name":"著者別名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"44244","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}],"names":[{"name":"Kotani, Setsuo"}]}]},"item_10_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"関西大学社会学部"}]},"item_10_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00046982","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_10_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"02876817","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_10_version_type_17":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"小谷, 節男"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"44243","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2021-03-08"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KU-1100-19861104-08.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.7 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KU-1100-19861104-08.pdf","url":"https://kansai-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/18677/files/KU-1100-19861104-08.pdf"},"version_id":"27edf004-f632-4822-9835-7964811f0f24"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"帆船エリザベス・ワット号","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"アメリカ石油工業","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"石油地帯","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"原油","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"精製油","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"灯火油","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"石油精製能力","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"南北戦争時の通貨インフレーション","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"石油輸出に対する国内課税の免除","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"アメリカ領事のセールス・プロモーション","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"the brig Elizabeth Watts","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"American petroleum industry","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"the Oil Region","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"crude oil","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"refined oil","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"illuminating oil","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"petroleum refining capacity","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"American currency inflation","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"exemption from the domestic tax","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"sales promotion by American consuls","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"関西大学","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Kansai University","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"最初のアメリカ石油輸出","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"最初のアメリカ石油輸出"}]},"item_type_id":"10","owner":"1","path":["2512"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2021-03-08"},"publish_date":"2021-03-08","publish_status":"0","recid":"18677","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["最初のアメリカ石油輸出"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-05-15T20:43:55.234969+00:00"}