@article{oai:kansai-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00014509,
 author = {松野, 敬子},
 journal = {社会安全学研究 = Safety science review},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {This paper surveys the definition of 'risk' and 'hazard' described in the Japanese Safety Guidelines of playground comparing with the guidelines of EU and those of USA. In 2002, the Guidelines for Ensuring Playground Equipment Safety in Urban Parks was announced by the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism (MLIT), and they defined the importance of play value and children's safety in the guidelines. On the process of defining the Japanese word for danger, 'KIKEN', the MLIT translated the word into 'risk' and 'hazard'. The word 'risk' indicates that children are able to identify the challenges and manage them as well. In other words, the word 'KIKEN' implying the meaning of 'risk' is essential part of the growing process for children. On the other hand, the word 'hazard' indicates that children cannot identify or it is impossible for children to foresee the danger. Therefore, 'hazard' should be eliminated. However, the words 'risk' and 'hazard' are not defined the same in other fields such as ISO/IEC Guide 51, Guide 73 and the EU and USA guidelines. It means that MLIT was trying to define the different definition or concept of 'risk' and 'hazard' used in the EU and USA guidelines. In other words, the definition of 'risk' and 'hazard' by MLIT is different from international standards, and therefore it could confuse the guidelines' readers and users. MLIT's safely guidelines must have had intention of keeping the play value. In order to realize its initial intention, the definition of 'risk' and 'hazard' should be redefined. Furthermore, risk management is most necessary in the playground management.},
 pages = {51--73},
 title = {遊具の安全規準におけるリスクとハザードの定義に関する一考察},
 volume = {3},
 year = {2013}
}