@article{oai:kansai-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00013133,
 author = {Hamano, Kiyoshi and Mary, Louise Nagata},
 journal = {Kansai University review of economics},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Having collected all of the extant population surveys of Kyoto that included age information, we try to analyze fertility using all data where there were two consecutive listings. The total marital fertility rate was at the low level of 4.03, suggesting that maintaining the urban population with fertility alone may have been difficult. This confirms the fertility side of the urban graveyard theory.},
 pages = {3--30},
 title = {Urban Reproduction and Fertility: Kyoto in Late Tokugawa Japan},
 volume = {16},
 year = {2014}
}