@article{oai:kansai-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00012205,
 author = {二階堂, 善弘},
 journal = {東アジア文化交渉研究 = Journal of East Asian Cultural Interaction Studies},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {This short essay takes up Huaguang Dadi and Zhaobao Qilang, known as temple guardians, and chiefly examines the idea that the form of some gods has been influenced by others. Huaguang Dadi is also known as Ma Lingguan. During the Ming Dynasty, he was shown with a third eye, he had no beard, and he was known for holding a gold brick in his hand. Wang Lingguan, on the other hand, is enshrined as the Taoist guardian deity, to the extent that it can be considered to “always” exist in Taoist temples, especially those of Quanzhen Jiao’s sect. Both of these gods have a number of common features, including three eyes. For a number of reasons, it can be thought that Wang Lingguan and Guangong respectively succeeded the function of Huaguang (the remaining demon) as temple guardian. Zhaobao Qilang is also given the character of a sea god, and his appearance includes the feature of raising one hand and looking into the distance. Another sea god that similarly looks off into the distance is Qianli Yan. However, that wasn’t the original form of Qianli Yan and his appearance of looking off into the distance might have been due to the influence of Zhaobao Qilang. There is a god named Daxi Sikong in the Nanhai Shenmiao temple of the South Sea God of Guangzhou Province whose image takes on the appearance of looking into the distance as well. Thus, there is the possibility that the form of sea gods looking off into the distance was influenced by other gods that had the same look.},
 pages = {179--186},
 title = {民間信仰における神形象の変化について― 華光大帝と招宝七郎を例に―},
 volume = {1},
 year = {2008}
}